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Background Information on PTPRJ

**﻿﻿What is PTPRJ? ** The gene PTPRJ is a gene that codes for a protein. Known as part of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family, the official name of this gene is protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type J. Because this gene family is responsible as a signaling molecule, a portion of its receptor is extracellular. The receptor is also thought to negatively affect the immune response by interfering with T cell signaling and phosphorylation of molecular intermediaries.

** PTPRJ’s Lineage ** - [|cellular organisms] ; [|Eukaryota] ; [|Fungi/Metazoa group] ; [|Metazoa] ; [|Eumetazoa] ; [|Bilateria] ; [|Coelomata] ; [|Deuterostomia] ; [|Chordata] ; [|Craniata] ; [|Vertebrata] ; [|Gnathostomata] ; [|Teleostomi] ; [|Euteleostomi] ; [|Sarcopterygii] ; [|Tetrapoda] ; [|Amniota] ; [|Mammalia] ; [|Theria] ; [|Eutheria] ; [|Euarchontoglires] ; [|Primates] ; [|Haplorrhini] ; [|Simiiformes] ; [|Catarrhini] ; [|Hominoidea] ; [|Hominidae] ; [|Homininae] ; [|Homo]

=Recent advances with PTPRJ﻿ = While the human version of this gene is known as DEP1; SCC1; CD148; HPTPeta; R-PTP-ETA, the mouse homologue is Scc1. Research published in 2003 by Ruivenkamp, C., et al in Oncogene shows that there is a connection between colorectal cancer and these homologous genes. When one copy of PTPRJ is absent or deleted, a correlation of sporadic colorectal carcinomas emerge.

The figure on the right used several microsatellite markers to fluoresce the length of alleles in base pairs. In particular, when the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) occurs, length of alleles in base pairs decrease and are shorter or even absent. Colorectal cancers are implicated in most cases when LOH occurs (Ruivenkamp 2003). The top shows the results of a tissue sample from a normal individual while the bottom depicts results of tissue from a tumor of an effected individual.

PTPRJ has also been linked to thyroid carcinoma. Recently this year a case study was released in Endocrine-Related Cancer that describes a strikingly similar loss of heterzygosity (LOH) leading to thyroid cancer (luliano et al 2010).

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