MS+Results

**__Results__**
A previous study was reviewed which analyzed the transcribed regions and splicing sites of the genes coding for IL23A and its receptors IL23R and IL12RB1 and compared 206 Chinese Han inflammatory demyelinating diseases (including 84 MS) and 300 controls (Li et al., 2016). The previous study also compared the serum levels of IL-23A in different genotype groups of the patients. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test for the MS and control group was in line with equilibrium (Li et al., 2016).The ELISA analysis was performed to measure the serum level of IL23A in the IDD patients and controls between the wild type group, heterozygous mutation type group and homozygous mutation type group. It was found that the serum levels of IL23A in the MS patients were greater than those in the normal group. Three variants rs2066808, rs2371494, rs11575248 in IL23A gene were shown to be associated with the risk of MS or other IDD diseases, and the expression level of serum IL23A in the MS patients was also changed. (Li et al., 2016).



The rs2371494 SNP is said to be associated with an increased risk for multiple sclerosis. The picture above shows the allele frequencies of the rs2371494 SNP in the populations listed. The allele frequencies for all the populations together are 20% ancestral and 80% minor allele frequency (MAF). Minor allele frequency is the frequency of the second most common allele in a population. For Americans, the allele frequencies are 12% ancestral and 88% MAF. For Africans, the allele frequencies are 59% ancestral and 41% MAF. For East Asians, the allele frequencies are 4% ancestral and 96% MAF. For Europeans, the allele frequencies are 7% ancestral and 93% MAF. For South Asians, the allele frequencies are 2% ancestral and 98% MAF.



The picture above shows the genetic risk world map for multiple sclerosis. The map displays population risks geographically, including migration patterns. Each dot represents a population. The green dots represent a lowest risk for multiple sclerosis. Yellow dots represent a lower risk, orange dots represent a higher risk, and red dots represent the highest risk. The arrows represent the migration path. It looks like there is a higher risk for MS closer to the equator (South America, Africa, South Asia). It doesn’t look like the patterns follow the migration pattern overall. This tool shows the likelihood ratio and log likelihood ratio of each population by clicking on each dot. For example, the mean likelihood ratio of the Pima population is 0.772. The mean log likelihood ratio of the Pima population, the dot closest to the United States, is -0.258.



The picture above shows the genetic risk human relationship map for multiple sclerosis. This map displays risks in contrast to genetic similarities and geographic vicinity. The most recent clade represented was 15,000 years ago. Green shows the lowest risk, while red shows the highest risk. The populations with the highest genetic risk for multiple sclerosis are Surui and Mozabite. The populations with the lowest genetic risk are She and Oroqen. The Pima population, which is closest to the United States, has a low risk of multiple sclerosis.

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